Here's a Java game that I wrote (2001). I believe that the original game was on the classic 80's Atari console, but I haven't seen it myself. I've played a version on a Commodore Amiga, so this bears a passing resemblance to my memory of that.
Use up and down arrows to rotate and left arrow to fire and launch.
Tested in IE, Mozilla, Firefox
If you want to know a bit about how it's written then it uses the object-oriented nature of java.
Each thing that is to be animated: Plane, Bullet, Bang; is a class, and these classes extend the abstract class Sprite. Therefore, we can put all the objects to be animated in an array of type Sprite. Each Sprite has methods to get its position and update its position.
The rest is essentially standard animating techniques, and some code to make the computer plane try to shoot you down.